1. Active Voice
Active voice is used when the subject does an action to the object.
- Characteristics of active voice
- The subject of sentence in active form is at the starting of the sentence.
- Subject is followed by the form of ‘to be’, verb and object.
- We can say that verb is in the Active Voice.
- An active voice tells clearly about the action who has done it.
- The pattern is :
- Subject+ Verb+ Object
2. Passive Voice
Passive voice is used in which the form of verb shows that an action is done to the subject.
- Characteristics of passive voice
- When we change the sentence from active to passive voice, the object becomes the subject.
- We can use sentences with only transitive verbs in passive voice that is we can change the sentences having object into this voice.
- This form may or may not tell clearly about the action who has done it.
- To make clear the action who has done it we should add ‘by’
- The pattern is:
- Subject+ form of ‘to be’ + past participle of verb+ by + object
Transitive and Intransitive verb???
The active voice is the "default" voice in English. All intransitive verbs can only be in the active voice, and all transitive verbs usually are active voice - unless we deliberately make them passive.
- Transitive verb: are action verbs that have an object to receive that action.
Example: - Kayla cut the cake
- He gave me a flower
- Intransitive verb: are action verbs but unlike transitive verbs, they do not have an object receiving the action.
Example: - She slept peacefully
- The baby smiled
The pattern and examples of active and passive voice
1. Simple present tense (S+V1) / (S+am/is/are+V3)
Active: Sophia read a novel everyday
Passive: A novel is read by Sophia
Active: We eat rice everyday
Passive: Rice is eaten everyday
Active: She helps me
Passive: I am helped by her
2. Simple past tense (S+V2) / (S+was/were+V3)
Active: He built a large house
Passive: A large house was built by him
Active: I swept the floor yesterday
Passive: The floor was swept by me
Active: Harry took my picture
Passive: My picture was taken by Harry
3. Present continuous tense (S+am/is/are+V-ing) / (S+am/is/are+being+V3)
Active: Father is drinking a cup of tea
Passive: A cup of tea is being drunk by father
Active: They are decorating my room
Passive: My room is being decorated by them
Active: The lecture is giving many assignments
Passive: Many assignments are being given by the lecture
4. Past continuous tense (S+was/were+V-ing) / (S+was/were+being+V3)
Active: She was cooking dinner
Passive: Dinner was being cooked by her
Active: He was advising the children when you out
Passive: The children were being advised when you went out
Active: They were interrogating him when I called
Passive: He was being interrogated when I called.
5. Present perfect tense (S+have/has+V3) / (S+have/has+been+V3)
Active: I have placed an order for a new phone
Passive: An order for a new phone has been placed by me
Active: I have known him for a long time
Passive: He has been known to me for a long time
Active: The cat has drunk the milk
Passive: The milk has been drunk by the cat
6. Past perfect tense (S+had+V3) / (S+had+been+V3)
Active: I had been reading an article
Passive: An article had been read by me
Active: He had not noticed me
Passive: I had not been noticed by him
Active: They had started a fight
Passive: A fight had been started by them
7. Modal Auxiliary (S+may/can/must+V1) / (S+may/can/must+be+V3)
Active: She can play a guitar
Passive: A guitar can be played by her
Active: I must learn this book
Passive: This book must be learnt by me
Active: Our lecture may give an exam today
Passive: An exam may be given by our lecture today
Sources:
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